First Law (Alternative Form) (ΔQ - ΔW = ΔU)
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ΔQ - ΔW = ΔU
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| ΔQ | Heat supplied to system (J) |
| ΔU | Change in internal energy (J) |
| ΔW | Work done by system (J) |
When to use this
Alternative form emphasizing that ΔQ - ΔW is path-independent. For ΔU = 0 (isothermal process), ΔQ = ΔW.