Torque about a point / axis (|τ| = r_perp * F)
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|τ| = r_perp * F
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| F | Force magnitude (N) |
| τ | Torque (N·m) |
| r_⊥ | Perpendicular distance from axis/pivot to line of action of F (m) |
When to use this
Planar rotation about axis; τ = r×F in vector form. Sign by right-hand rule.