Surface Tension (S = F/(2l))

jee-mainjee-advancedneet-ug

S = F/(2l)

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
FForce required to stretch the film (N)
SSurface tension (N/m or J/m²)
lLength of the movable edge (m)

When to use this

Surface tension acts in the plane of the liquid surface. Equal to surface energy per unit area (J/m²) and force per unit length (N/m). Factor 2 arises because a film has two surfaces. Decreases with increasing temperature. S for water ≈ 0.073 N/m at 20°C, mercury ≈ 0.436 N/m.