Pascal's Law (Hydraulic Machines) (F₁/A₁ = F₂/A₂ → F₂ = F₁ × (A₂/A₁))
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F₁/A₁ = F₂/A₂ → F₂ = F₁ × (A₂/A₁)
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| A₁ | Area of smaller piston (m²) |
| A₂ | Area of larger piston (m²) |
| F₁ | Force applied on smaller piston (N) |
| F₂ | Force on larger piston (N) |
| A₂/A₁ | Mechanical advantage (dimensionless) |
When to use this
Pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions. Basis for hydraulic lift, hydraulic brakes. Conservation of volume: L₁A₁ = L₂A₂ (smaller piston moves farther). Work done is conserved: F₁L₁ = F₂L₂ (ignoring friction).