Excess Pressure Inside a Liquid Drop (ΔP = Pi − Po = 2S/r)

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ΔP = Pi − Po = 2S/r

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
SSurface tension of the liquid (N/m)
rRadius of the drop (m)
PiPressure inside the drop (Pa)
PoPressure outside the drop (Pa)
ΔPExcess pressure inside the drop over outside (Pa)

When to use this

For a liquid drop or air cavity in a liquid (one surface). Derived by balancing surface energy increase (8πr Δr S) against work done by pressure difference (ΔP × 4πr² Δr). Smaller drops have higher internal pressure. Concave side always has higher pressure.