Equation of Continuity (A₁v₁ = A₂v₂ = constant)
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A₁v₁ = A₂v₂ = constant
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| Av | Volume flow rate (m³/s) |
| A₁ | Cross-sectional area at point 1 (m²) |
| A₂ | Cross-sectional area at point 2 (m²) |
| v₁ | Flow velocity at point 1 (m/s) |
| v₂ | Flow velocity at point 2 (m/s) |
When to use this
Applies to steady, incompressible fluid flow. Derived from conservation of mass. Where cross-section narrows, velocity increases and vice versa. Av gives volume flux (flow rate) which remains constant throughout the pipe.