Bernoulli's Equation (P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant)
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P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| P | Static pressure at a point (Pa) |
| g | Acceleration due to gravity (m/s²) |
| h | Height of the point above reference level (m) |
| v | Flow velocity at that point (m/s) |
| ρ | Density of the fluid (kg/m³) |
| ρgh | Hydrostatic pressure or potential energy per unit volume (Pa) |
| ½ρv² | Dynamic pressure or kinetic energy per unit volume (Pa) |
When to use this
Applies along a streamline for steady, incompressible, non-viscous (ideal) flow. Based on conservation of energy. At rest (v=0), reduces to hydrostatic pressure equation P₁ + ρgh₁ = P₂ + ρgh₂. Does NOT hold for turbulent or viscous flow.