Beat Frequency (ν_beat = |ν₁ - ν₂|)

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ν_beat = |ν₁ - ν₂|

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
ν₁Frequency of first source (Hz)
ν₂Frequency of second source (Hz)
ν_beatBeat frequency — number of beats per second (Hz)

When to use this

Beats occur when two waves of slightly different frequencies superpose. Perceived as periodic waxing and waning of sound intensity. Amplitude varies as cos((ω₁-ω₂)t/2). Beats are audible only when |ν₁ - ν₂| < ~10 Hz. Used for tuning instruments. If tension is increased and beat frequency decreases, then that string had lower frequency. NCERT Eq. 14.48.