Resultant Intensity in Interference (I = I₁ + I₂ + 2√(I₁I₂)cosφ)

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I = I₁ + I₂ + 2√(I₁I₂)cosφ

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
IResultant intensity at a point
I_1Intensity due to source 1 alone
I_2Intensity due to source 2 alone
\varphiPhase difference between the two waves at that point

When to use this

Coherent sources only. I_max = (√I₁ + √I₂)² at φ = 0, 2π, 4π,... I_min = (√I₁ - √I₂)² at φ = π, 3π, 5π,... For equal intensities: I = 4I₀cos²(φ/2).