Optical Path Length (Optical path = n × geometric path)

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Optical path = n × geometric path

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
nRefractive index of the medium
\Delta xGeometric path length (m)
\Delta_{\text{opt}}Optical path length (m)

When to use this

Light takes same time to travel optical path in vacuum as geometric path in medium. Phase difference = (2π/λ)×optical path. Crucial for interference calculations with glass slabs. Extra optical path by slab of thickness t: (n-1)t.