Lens Maker's Equation (Sign Convention Form) (1/f = (n-1)(1/R₁ - 1/R₂))

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1/f = (n-1)(1/R₁ - 1/R₂)

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
fFocal length of the thin lens (m)
nRefractive index of lens material relative to surrounding medium
R_1Radius of curvature of first surface (light hits first)
R_2Radius of curvature of second surface

When to use this

Thin lens in air. Use Cartesian sign convention for R₁ and R₂. For biconvex: R₁>0, R₂<0. For biconcave: R₁<0, R₂>0. This entry focuses on NCERT sign-convention application and common R₁/R₂ sign errors.