Apparent depth (normal viewing) (d_app = d/n)
jee-mainjee-advancedneet-ug
d_app = d/n
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| d | Real depth / thickness of medium (m) |
| n | Refractive index of medium (object side) relative to observer side (usually air n≈1) |
| d_{\mathrm{app}} | Apparent depth seen from nearly normal viewing (m) |
When to use this
Standard JEE / NCERT assumptions unless stated (paraxial, thin lens, coherent YDSE sources, etc.).