Gravitational Shell Theorem (Spherical Shell) (Inside hollow shell: E=0; outside: E=GM/r²)

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Inside hollow shell: E=0; outside: E=GM/r²

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
MTotal mass of thin spherical shell (kg)
RRadius of shell (m)
rDistance of field point from centre (m)

When to use this

Uniform thin spherical shell of mass M. Interior cavity: field zero. Exterior r≥R: field as if M concentrated at centre.