Full-Wave Rectifier: Average Output & PIV (V_dc = 2V_m/π; PIV ≈ 2V_m (centre-tap, each diode))

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V_dc = 2V_m/π; PIV ≈ 2V_m (centre-tap, each diode)

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
PIVPeak inverse voltage on each diode when reverse-biased
V_mPeak voltage from centre tap to one end (each half winding)
V_dcAverage load voltage (ideal, centre-tap full-wave)

When to use this

Centre-tapped transformer, two diodes, resistive load, ideal diodes. (Bridge: PIV per diode is V_m not 2V_m — different topology.)