Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum (c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀))
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c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀)
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| c | Speed of EM waves in vacuum (m/s), ≈ 3.00×10⁸ |
| ε₀ | Permittivity of free space ≈ 8.85×10⁻¹² F/m |
| μ₀ | Permeability of free space = 4π×10⁻⁷ H/m |
When to use this
Vacuum (or good approximation). Derived from Maxwell's equations; links optical and electromagnetic constants.