Momentum of Electromagnetic Radiation (p = U/c)
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p = U/c
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| U | Energy (J) |
| c | 3×10⁸ m/s |
| p | Momentum (kg·m/s) |
When to use this
Absorption: p=U/c. Reflection: p=2U/c. Radiation pressure = I/c (absorb) or 2I/c (reflect). Solar sails.