Motional EMF (Conductor Cutting Field Lines) (ε = Blv)
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ε = Blv
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| B | Magnetic field (T), perpendicular to both rod velocity and rod length |
| l | Effective length of conductor in the field (m) |
| v | Speed perpendicular to B and l (m/s) |
When to use this
Straight conductor; B, v, and rod mutually perpendicular. Open rod → emf between ends; closed loop includes full circuit resistance.