Magnetic Flux Through a Flat Loop (Φ = BA cos θ)
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Φ = BA cos θ
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| A | Area vector magnitude (m²); direction = normal to plane (right-hand rule) |
| B | Magnetic field magnitude (T), uniform over the loop |
| θ | Angle between B and the normal to the plane |
When to use this
Uniform B over the loop; flat coil. Flux is maximum when B is along the normal (θ=0).