Rutherford formula (impact parameter vs scattering angle, α) (b = (k Z e² / Ek) cot(θ/2) for α on nucleus Z)
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b = (k Z e² / Ek) cot(θ/2) for α on nucleus Z
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| Z | Target atomic number |
| b | Impact parameter (m) |
| k | Coulomb constant |
| θ | Scattering angle (lab, heavy target) |
| E_k | Initial α kinetic energy (J) |
When to use this
Pure Coulomb, heavy nucleus recoil neglected, point charges.