Irreducible quadratic factor (Quadratic factor with D<0: complete square → arctan + log pieces.)
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Quadratic factor with D<0: complete square → arctan + log pieces.
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| D | Discriminant p^2-4q |
| p,q | Real coefficients |
When to use this
Numerator split: derivative of denom part → log; constant part → arctan.