Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm (Surface Excess) (Γ = -(c/RT)(dγ/dc))

jee-mainjee-advanced

Γ = -(c/RT)(dγ/dc)

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
RGas constant
TAbsolute temperature
cBulk concentration of solute
ΓSurface excess concentration (mol m⁻²) — adsorption at interface
γSurface tension of solution

When to use this

Dilute solution; ideal behaviour approximations; relates surface tension gradient to adsorption. If dγ/dc < 0 (γ falls as solute increases), Γ > 0 — positive adsorption (surfactants).