Markovnikov addition of HX to unsymmetrical alkenes (HX adds so H goes to the carbon that already had more H (less substituted); X to more)
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HX adds so H goes to the carbon that already had more H (less substituted); X to more substituted C.
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| HX | Hydrogen halide (electrophilic addition) |
| Carbocation | Rate governed by stability of intermediate: 3° > 2° > 1° |
When to use this
Polar HX, typical ionic mechanism (proton first). Asymmetric alkene required for regioselectivity.