Henderson–Hasselbalch equation (pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]))
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pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| pK_a | -log10 Ka |
| [A^-]/[HA] | Ratio of conjugate base to acid (same volume ⇒ mole ratio) |
When to use this
Buffer with weak acid HA and A-; best when both significant and not extremely dilute; assumes [HA],[A-] ≫ [H+] from water.