Effective atomic number (EAN) rule: Sidgwick (Z = atomic number, x = oxidation state, n = electrons donated by ligands (2 per simple)

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Z = atomic number, x = oxidation state, n = electrons donated by ligands (2 per simple monodentate L:)

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
ZAtomic number of metal
nNumber of electrons donated by ligands
xOxidation state (positive magnitude)

When to use this

Empirical rule aiming for next noble gas count; works for many carbonyls (e.g. Ni(CO)₄) but many exceptions — JEE tests calculation not universality.