Lattice energy: Born–Mayer trend (Lattice energy magnitude increases with charge product and decreases with internuclear)
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Lattice energy magnitude increases with charge product and decreases with internuclear distance
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| r_+ + r_- | Sum of ionic radii (proxy for anion–cation contact distance) |
| |z_+ z_-| | Product of magnitudes of cation and anion charges |
When to use this
Qualitative / model trend (Born–Lande, Kapustinskii). Higher charge and smaller ions → stronger lattice (more negative formation, harder to break).