% ionic character from dipole (% ionic = (μ_obs / μ_100% ionic) × 100%)
jee-mainjee-advancedneet-ug
% ionic = (μ_obs / μ_100% ionic) × 100%
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| μ_obs | Measured dipole moment |
| μ_ionic | q × d assuming full charge transfer |
When to use this
Pauling scale relates to electronegativity difference; dipole ratio is experimental handle.