Resonance (Mesomeric Effect) (Delocalized π electrons; multiple valid Lewis structures = one hybrid)

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Delocalized π electrons; multiple valid Lewis structures = one hybrid

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
hybridLower energy than any single form if charge delocalized
canonical formsLewis structures differing only in π/ lone-pair placement

When to use this

Requires conjugated π system; equivalent resonance forms add extra stabilization.