Electron speed in nth Bohr orbit (hydrogenic) (v_n = Zαc/n)
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v_n = Zαc/n
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| c | Speed of light in vacuum |
| v_n | Orbital speed in nth orbit |
| \alpha | Fine-structure constant ≈ 1/137 |
When to use this
Bohr model hydrogenic atom; non-relativistic estimate (v ≪ c still checked per n,Z).